METEOROLOGICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1671-6345 2025 53 4 479 487 10.19517/j.1671-6345.20240172 article Performance of Real-Time Water Vapour Inversion with BeiDou B2b Service 在北京架設(shè)GNSS接收機(jī)和天線，接收GNSS系統(tǒng)的秒級(jí)信號(hào)，利用軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量檢查，基于北斗導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星B2b信號(hào)發(fā)布的精密單點(diǎn)定位精密星歷，開(kāi)展了基于精密單點(diǎn)定位的北斗、單GPS和二者融合的實(shí)時(shí)對(duì)流層延遲和大氣可降水量的反演試驗(yàn)，對(duì)比了相應(yīng)的北斗和GPS雙差網(wǎng)解、無(wú)線電探空儀和ERA5的對(duì)流層延遲和大氣可降水量。結(jié)果顯示：GNSS信號(hào)的平均信噪比大于35，多路徑效應(yīng)優(yōu)于0.5 m，能夠進(jìn)行有效的GNSS觀測(cè)和反演。總體上幾種解算方法一致，與雙差網(wǎng)解相比，基于北斗精密單點(diǎn)定位的大氣對(duì)流層延遲反演平均偏差為4.5 mm，均方根誤差為9.94 mm，相關(guān)系數(shù)為90%；對(duì)應(yīng)解算的大氣可降水量平均偏差為0.35 mm，均方根誤差為1.33 mm，相關(guān)系數(shù)為96%。與無(wú)線電探空儀相比，大氣對(duì)流層延遲反演平均偏差為5.83 mm，均方根誤差為7.38 mm，相關(guān)系數(shù)為95.07%。對(duì)應(yīng)解算的大氣可降水量平均偏差為1.03 mm，均方根誤差為1.72 mm，相關(guān)系數(shù)為94.45%。表明基于BDS反演的天頂總延遲、大氣可降水量反演技術(shù)使得單系統(tǒng)、單點(diǎn)解算成為可能，該方法采用分布式計(jì)算策略，避免了以往臺(tái)站端需要將解算數(shù)據(jù)回傳至中心站的帶寬和存儲(chǔ)壓力，提升了水汽解算的實(shí)時(shí)性，能表征水汽的變化趨勢(shì)，對(duì)關(guān)于水汽的天氣現(xiàn)象和氣象災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警都有重要的意義。 GNSS receivers and antennas are set up in Beijing to receive the second-level signals of the GNSS system. Data quality checks are conducted using software. Leveraging precise ephemeris data from the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) B2b signal, real-time zenith total delay (ZTD) and precipitable water vapour (PWV) retrieval experiments are conducted using BDS Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques, single GPS, and their integrated solutions. These results are systematically compared against ZTD/PWV estimates derived from BDS/GPS dual-difference network solutions, radiosonde observations, and ERA5 reanalysis datasets. The results show that the average signal-to-noise ratio of the GNSS signal is greater than 35, and the multipath effect is better than 0.5 m, ensuring robust observational conditions for inversion modelling. Compared with the double-difference network solution, the average deviation of the tropospheric delay inversion based on BeiDou precise point positioning is 4.5 mm, the root mean square error is 9.94 mm, and the correlation coefficient is 90%. The corresponding PWV inversion average deviation is 0.35 mm, the root mean square error is 1.33 mm, and the correlation coefficient is 96%. Compared with radiosonde, the average deviation of the tropospheric delay inversion is 5.83 mm, the RMSE is 7.38 mm, and the correlation coefficient is 95.07%. The corresponding PWV inversion average deviation is 1.03 mm, the root mean square error is 1.72 mm, and the correlation coefficient is 94.45%. This indicates that the ZTD/PWV inversion technology derived from BDS makes single-system and single-point solutions possible. This method adopts a distributed computing strategy, avoiding the bandwidth and storage pressure of returning the solution data to the central station at the station end in the past, improving the real-time performance of water vapour solutions, and can represent the trend of water vapour change. It is of great significance for the monitoring and early warning of weather phenomena and meteorological disasters related to water vapour. 總對(duì)流層延遲；大氣可降水量；精密單點(diǎn)定位；無(wú)線電探空 zenith tropospheric delay; precipitable water vapour; precise single-point positioning; radiosonde 陶偉,曹云昌,成振華,趙盼盼,梁宏,王乙竹,梁靜舒 TAO Wei, CAO Yunchang, CHENG Zhenhua, ZHAO Panpan, LIANG Hong, WANG Yizhu, LIANG Jingshu qxkj/article/abstract/20250403